Interpretation Of The Relationship Among Foot, Last And Shoe

Feet are shoes In order to protect the foot from injury and ensure its sports function, it is necessary to understand the interaction between the structure, physiology, pathology, sports function and morphology of the relevant feet, and then design and develop popular shoe lasts, and on the basis of it, design and develop popular comfortable and durable shoes.

1. Foot structure:

The foot is a shoe-making reference entity composed of bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, etc.

A. bone Name:

The human foot bone is composed of twenty-six bones of different sizes plus two ankle bones. The main bone names from front to back are: phalanx, metatarsal, cuneiform, cuboid, navicular, talus, calcaneus, tibia, fibula, etc.

B. name of muscle

The muscles are divided into: anterior group, outer end group, posterior surface group and posterior inferior group.

Arch of the foot, medial and lateral arch of the foot.

D. skin and physiological function of feet

　　 foot The skin is the covering of the outer layer of the foot. The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. There are nerve endings, blood vessels, sweat glands and hair follicles under the dermis. Like other parts of the skin, its functions include not only keeping the foot from external invasion, but also sweat secretion, evaporation and respiration of the human body, temperature regulation and receiving various external stimuli.

And 1 part of sweat

There are 130-300 sweat glands in the instep, which are not evenly distributed. Sweat is a colorless and salty liquid with water content of about 98%. There are also inorganic substances such as sodium chloride, sulfur, uric acid, urea, fatty protein, non volatile fatty acids and other organic matters. These organic substances are easy to decompose under the action of bacteria, which can stimulate the skin and corrode socks and shoes. When still, the evaporation rate of water is 0.5-1.6g/t, the medium load is 1.8-3.2g/t, and the heavy load is 6-12g/t, This kind of cloth can protect us from bacteria.

2) respiration: with the increase of ambient temperature, the emission of carbon dioxide also increases (0.5mm/t at 32 ℃, 1.2mm/t at 38.5 ℃)

3) body temperature regulation: most of the temperature emitted by the human body is through the skin. The instep of the foot is 1-1.5 degrees higher than that of the palm, while the lower leg is 3-7 degrees higher than that of the foot. When the external temperature drops, when the temperature of the foot surface drops to 12-15 degrees, it will easily lead to cold. When the air temperature is below 10 degrees, long-term immersion in water will cause frostbite.

In short: in design shoes When (especially sports shoes) should consider the heat preservation, heat insulation, air permeability and moisture absorption of the shoes, such as golf and football shoes, to ensure the normal play of physiological functions of the feet in the shoes and make the feet comfortable. It is necessary to select the last that conforms to the shape of the shoes and reasonable design of the surface sole, so that the shoes do not press on the feet. It will not cause pain and numbness, and will not cause frostbite in winter.

2. Foot measurement:

The foot is a flat hammer body. The basic conditions for making the last are as follows:

A. arc

B. toe shape

The ratio between them, heel, toe, etc

Heel heart: 18%

Waistline: 41%

Fifth metatarsophalangeal: 63.5%

First middle toe: 72.5%

Toe tip: 90%

D. arch shape of foot arch

E. the shape of the vertical curvature of the foot surface

F. curve of heel back

3. The foot shape of the Oriental is short and fat, the sole of the foot is small and straight, the toes are separated, and the curvature of the heel is small, while the westerner's foot is thin and slender, with large curvature and concentrated toes, which makes the whole feet look slender.

　　4、 foot There are normal type, high uplift type and flat type.

5. The relationship between foot and last is: last is the root of foot, foot is the root of last.