A Big Shoe Maker Should Have A "Great Power Craftsman".

Left three for hundreds of photos

On the occasion of the arrival of "World Youth Skills day", Li Keqiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Premier of the State Council, made important instructions.

The instructions pointed out that we should create a social atmosphere respecting labour and advocating skills, guiding the young people to vigorously carry forward the spirit of craftsmen and embark on the road of skill growth and success.

Premier Li Keqiang's remarks will appear in the government's work report for the first time this year.

"Once again, it has become a hot word in society. It has also pushed the importance of skilled personnel training to a new height.

China is a big shoemaking country in the world.

What is the "craftsman spirit" today? The shoe industry in China has entered a difficult development bottleneck. Some people attribute it to the lack of craftsman spirit. Is it right? Journalists interviewed experts from shoe industry and Secretary of the Party committee of Beijing environment and art school. He worked quietly in the shoe industry for more than forty years, from a first-line shoemaking craftsman to an industry expert, and trained a large number of industry talents, which not only profoundly witnessed the inheritance and loss of craftsman spirit in China's footwear industry, but also witnessed the bumpy road of training of skilled personnel in China.

Listening to him talking about the roots and soul of craftsman spirit, talking about the dream and reality of talent cultivation, let us have boundless expectations and vision for the future of China's footwear industry.

Reporter: some people say that although China's footwear industry is a big country, it lacks the "big country craftsman". What kind of responsibility do you think the professional colleges should take to train "big power craftsmen"?

China's footwear industry has a long history, and the craftsman spirit has its roots and soul. In the past, it was the master's disciple who had strict rules: the master's eyes were rulers, and the master's words were orders.

With the establishment of leather industry institutions after 50s and 60s, especially the establishment of four light industry undergraduate institutions in Beijing (Light Industry Institute, Tianjin College of Light Industry, Dalian Light Industry Institute, Wuxi Light Industry College) in 1958, the traditional way of training talents with disciples gradually broke.

But for a long time, a large number of first-rate technical personnel in the industry still rely on secondary schools run by the industry, such as "Beijing leather school" (now renamed "Beijing environment and art school"), Tianjin Vocational Technical College of Light Industry, Hunan light industry Career Technical College and other secondary technical schools or vocational colleges.

Most of the teachers in these schools are the technical backbone pferred from the factory. They are all active technicians in the production line. They have profound theoretical foundation and strong hands-on ability and pay attention to practical exercises. For example, I am 17 years old, I have worked as an apprentice at the factory for 13 years, and I have been pferred to the school as a teacher in the factory as a technical backbone.

Objectively speaking, the quality and quality of a school teacher determines the quality and quality of the students. Of course, the students who are trained by technical background are relatively strong in technical level and practical ability.

I think schools should give students skills and skills, and a more important mission is to create students with the right values. This is crucial.

If a person does not have the right values, everything else is in vain. There is no solid foundation.

When these children arrive at school, they are only teenagers. This is the critical period for shaping values. Teachers' guidance and training have great influence on their lives.

Leather colleges and universities are the pioneers of training craftsmen's spirit, and training new generation craftsmen is a long way to go.

I think it should be written in the training goal: "qualified graduates must have the spirit of craftsmen".

At the same time, when students learn the traditional skills and skills, the key is to master the minds of the teachers who are concentrating, recognizing the truth, and making good shoes.

Great wisdom is played in the great practice of great powers.

Of course, teachers should also have the spirit of "artisan" artisans, and strive to improve every class.

Reporter: at present, the personnel training of leather industry has also encountered many bottlenecks and problems, such as the asymmetry of supply and demand. College graduates are very angry, but they can not get up quickly after their business. There is a big deviation between their knowledge and the actual knowledge structure of their jobs. Graduates are generally more impetuous and unwilling to endure hardships. What do you think is the cause of this situation?

All in all: the impetuous graduates of colleges and universities are mainly due to lack of self-confidence, so they are afraid because they do not understand, so they have to stay in addition and subtraction, resulting in low hit rate of design, which has caused instability in his work.

Confidence comes from the real mastery of professional knowledge and technical skills. It comes from continuous practice and understanding of market demand.

College students only learn knowledge, lack of knowledge of the market, and have no market practice. It is difficult for students to adapt to market changes when they go to work.

On the other hand, the enterprise is bringing ism and promoting quick success and instant benefit.

This is a vicious circle.

Shoe bags are fashion industries, but shoe bags are not pure works of art, they are daily necessities, and are the product of the combination of art and technology.

Leather schools need to adjust the teaching mode, enhance the timeliness of school enterprise integration, establish R & D centers, have research subjects, create practical battle scenes, and improve professional teachers' teaching, research and scientific research ability.

Beijing environmental and art schools and other colleges and universities have made unremitting explorations on the path of integration of schools and enterprises, and their achievements have great relations with the faculty strength of schools.

In the 20 world in the late 70s and early 80s, according to the development needs of shoemaking industry in various regions, footwear products design specialty was added to light industry colleges and universities.

The institutions offering this profession have fixed professional teachers and strong teachers.

Most of the professional teachers have many years of practical experience in the enterprise, and they can closely relate to the enterprises in the teaching and understand the needs of enterprises and the trend of the market.

By employing technical personnel and management personnel as professional part-time teachers, students are taught regularly or unregularly, and the students' professional knowledge is enriched by students' new technology, new technology and product trend.

Practice has proved that the joint training of schools and enterprises is an effective way to speed up the training of design talents.

The combination of school and enterprise in modern sense is not simply binding, but follows the growth rule of design talents, academic education, on-the-job learning, and multi stage training between schools and enterprises, so as to create an effective combination mode.

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Reporter: the problem of plagiarism of Chinese shoe brand has been strongly criticized by foreign colleagues. Do you think this is mainly due to the lack of creativity or system? What do you think is the key to developing excellent designers?

In all cases, the problem of plagiarism is a phenomenon, the internal reason is that it reflects the lack of creativity, lack of technological, material, technological innovation ability, lack of in-depth understanding of domestic and foreign market demand, and insufficient research and utilization of new information.

The professional depth and breadth of knowledge are not enough, and knowledge is not equal to ability.

For excellent designers, his comprehensive quality and innovation ability are very important.

What is a designer? Comprehensive knowledge + correct practice + understanding of market demand + continuous innovation ability = designer.

Now people are aware of the gold content of brands and brands, but also further recognize the weight of footwear designers.

But in many shoe companies, footwear designers are facing great pressure to grow.

On the one hand, they have to complete the task of designing and developing new tasks issued by the CEOs. On the one hand, they are also troubled by the lack of time and energy to continue charging and replenish knowledge and nutrients.

Many footwear designers are far from studying the comfort of shoes, and lack of in-depth understanding of market demand.

They can only find the materials for design and development in the market information from shoe samples and indirect channels, and think with peers on a knowledge plane or information plane. They are often in a state of blindness, blindness and loss.

In this way, they often fall into the strange circle of imitation and imitation, and the phenomenon of homogenization and homogeneity between products is serious.

The product lacks the design of independent innovation, which brings about weak competitiveness in terms of design and development capabilities, brand attractiveness, outward attractiveness, market potential and so on, which limits the competition at a high level.

Such a design team is facing the mature international and domestic consumer market, of course, it is difficult to meet the individual needs of consumers.

Reporter: China does not really have a world-renowned brand of shoes now. Consumers are crazy about sweeping goods abroad. Undoubtedly, it is a great irony to China. How do you view this phenomenon? Is it because of the lack of craftsman spirit in China?

We are still a big country in shoe making. We are a big country of production. We lack characteristics.

Production for production, design for design, lack of innovative design, lack of creative production, no breakthroughs in quantity.

Consumers prefer foreign goods, not because they are cheap, but because they are more intimate and intelligent.

Our products are satisfied with "almost" and are satisfied with the "flexibility" in the production process, and lack of scientific theory in technology.

For example, what is the technical theoretical support for hand sewing shoes? Why do needles and bottom stitches need so many needles? Do you have any scientific data? Data can be standardized so that components, assembly, automation, intelligence, personalization and niche can be realized.

Reporter: this year's "craftsman spirit" appeared in the government work report for the first time and became a social hot word.

After that, heavyweight newspapers have written many times to discuss how to cultivate great craftsmen.

What do you think of the craftsman spirit? Do you think the leather industry has the basis of training "big power craftsmen"? How can leather schools develop a truly great craftsman with the spirit of craftsmen?

In many ways: now the whole country is promoting "craftsman spirit", but I think it is still on the surface, not really into the heart.

The state attaches great importance to it, but only by setting up the craftsman spirit can enterprises and individuals really go on.

To promote the spirit of craftsmen, we should reach a consensus on three levels, which are complementary to each other and indispensable to the three.

If the country wants to thrive and thrive, it must have the spirit of craftsmen. If the industry and enterprises want to develop, they must respect the craftsman spirit and establish the spirit of dedication.

Carrying forward the spirit of craftsmen is a systematic project, a whole, not a single producer, but a spirit that we all need to establish.

It should be the common concept and working principle of owners, managers and front-line workers.

It is necessary to have correct values, curb impetuosity, have correct ideas and put into action, so as to enhance the quality of products.

The essence of craftsmen's spirit is innovation, not keeping to the old, exquisite technical skills are the root, but the foundation, but innovation is the soul, the vitality of products, creativity is more important than handicraft.

Innovation can bring new business opportunities, innovation can promote productivity, and innovation is the key word in the development of footwear industry today.

We should publicize and commend the innovative masters and post craftsmen, who are good at craftsmen and tree pacesetter, set an example, publicize their dedication and craftsman spirit, encourage the whole industry to carry forward the spirit of craftsmen, and work diligently and conscientiously to realize the great goal of shoemaking power.

Reporter: how do you think the shoe industry in China can tide over the difficulties, break through the bottleneck and move towards the goal of shoemaking power? What are the suggestions for the construction and training of the talent echelon?

In 100 cases: at present, there is a certain gap between China and the advanced countries in footwear making, especially in the gap between product design and R & D level.

Design talents, comprehensive technical talents (so-called generalists) and the lack of compound talents are all very important reasons. There is also a long neglected reason, which is the lack of basic research on shoes.

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In the first thirty years of China's reform and opening up, we have studied and summarized the five basic processes of shoe making: sewing, adhesive, molding, injection, and vulcanization.

But since the reform and opening up for thirty years, the shoe making industry has not made great innovations in the process, but has made various evolutions on the variety.

The basic research and technical rules of shoes lack systematic induction and summary, resulting in a relatively blind situation.

Why should we pay attention to and study the basic research of shoes? What are the technical rules of shoes? Let me talk about three important ones.

The first is the rule of foot type.

Our country has not systematically summed up the rule of foot type. Although some textbooks are part of it, it is still the data and rules of 60s. Now people's living conditions have improved, and their feet have also undergone some changes.

The evolution of human beings starts from feet, and shoes are for the feet. Now we all emphasize the comfort of shoes, but we have not studied the foot thoroughly. There are 26 bones on the human foot. There are different arrangements of bones. The length and width of the southern and Northern legs of each region are different. Each of them has its own characteristics. In the condition of foot movement, these bones will also change.

The two is the rule of last shape.

As we all know, shoe last is the soul of shoes, the copy and deformation of feet, and has its own unique rules.

We now have a shoe last standard, but few people use it.

Now the shoe numbers on the market are not uniform. Some enterprises simply use foreign shoe numbers.

The key to master the rule of last shape is how to let enterprises accept it. The present standard is very boring and tedious. We should study how to develop it into a simple and easy way to promote the implementation in enterprises.

The three is the law of design.

The design of shoes is a combination of technology and art. The shoe last should be combined with the rule of feet to make the structure of shoes more reasonable.

We usually study static feet. This is not correct. It should be the foot of dynamic research. Under different action conditions, the activity of the skeleton of the foot and the change of the foot type need in-depth study.

Although shoes are only something less than a foot square, there should be a scene in the designer's mind. There is a whole concept, that is, the scenes of your customers after wearing shoes on various occasions and actions.

On the basis of these rules, we need to innovate. If we only turn around in the plane of experience, we will not be able to achieve breakthroughs if we do not know why.

For example, the problem of unifying the last body of a shoe last body is changed from the predecessor to the body, which means that the front of the shoe can achieve the change of the pointed head, the round head and the square head. This is the research result of the regularity of shoes, and is recognized in the industry. However, with the change of the market trend, the shoe factories are also drifting along with the flow, and the front body is changing all the time.

The problem is clear to everyone. It also feels like entering a bottleneck period of development, which is very difficult.

The key is how to deal with it?

In this regard, I would like to make a few suggestions:

First, the industry set up an expert talent pool and expert platform.

We should take stock of talent resources and gather talents resources in the industry.

Gather experts in technology, management, marketing, etc., and set up expert libraries in different categories.

Aim at market demand, industry development's demand for science and technology, set all intelligence and play the wisdom of experts.

We must identify scientific and technological innovation research topics, carry out technological research, and share research results.

For the industry development, there are deficiencies and comparisons with foreign countries, for the basic level, the macro level of things, such as the basic technology research, the law of design and so on.

Two is the establishment of professional research institutions (local industries to establish research institutions).

In the past, research institutes in various places played a role in scientific research. The important task of these institutions is to study new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment.

Three, enterprises should increase the training of stable professional and technical backbone teams and cultivate leaders of enterprises.

Through internal training, we can teach technical skills to workers and improve their level.

We must focus on building up three teams: single process lean workers, composite technical backbone and leading figures. The establishment of this team requires reference to industry standards, enterprise standards and product standards.

Four is to improve the treatment of technical backbone, so that the value of talents of technical backbone is fully respected and realized.